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Herta Müller (born 17 August 1953) is a Romanian-born German novelist, poet, essayist and recipient of the 2009 Nobel Prize in Literature. Born in Nițchidorf, Timiș County in Romania, her native language is German. Since the early 1990s she has been internationally established, and her works have been translated into more than twenty languages.〔(Literaturnobelpreis geht an Herta Müller | Kultur & Leben | Deutsche Welle | 08.10.2009 ). Dw-world.de. Retrieved on 2009-10-26.〕〔(Goethe.de )〕 Müller is noted for her works depicting the effects of violence, cruelty and terror, usually in the setting of Communist Romania under the repressive Nicolae Ceaușescu regime which she has experienced herself. Many of her works are told from the viewpoint of the German minority in Romania and are also a depiction of the modern history of the Germans in the Banat, and Transylvania. Her much acclaimed 2009 novel ''The Hunger Angel'' (''Atemschaukel'') portrays the deportation of Romania's German minority to Stalinist Soviet Gulags during the Soviet occupation of Romania for use as German forced labor. Müller has received more than twenty awards to date, including the Kleist Prize (1994), the Aristeion Prize (1995), the International IMPAC Dublin Literary Award (1998) and the Franz Werfel Human Rights Award (2009). On 8 October 2009, the Swedish Academy announced that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, describing her as a woman "who, with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose, depicts the landscape of the dispossessed".〔 ==Early life== Müller was born to Banat Swabian Catholic〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Preisverleihung in Frankfurt: Herta Müller rechnet mit evangelischer Kirche ab - SPIEGEL ONLINE )〕 farmers in Nițchidorf (German: Nitzkydorf), up to the 1980s a German-speaking village in the Romanian Banat in western Romania. Her family was part of Romania's German minority. Her grandfather had been a wealthy farmer and merchant, but his property was confiscated by the Communist regime. Her father had been a member of the Waffen SS during World War II, and earned a living as a truck driver in Communist Romania.〔 In 1945 her mother, then aged 17, was along with 100,000 others of the German minority deported to forced labor camps in the Soviet Union, from which she was released in 1950.〔〔(The Expulsion of 'German' Communities from Eastern Europe at the end of the Second World War ), Steffen Prauser and Arfon Rees, European University Institute, Florense. HEC No. 2004/1 p.65. (See also Flight and expulsion of Germans from Romania during and after World War II)〕〔(Interview: Herta Mueller On Growing Up In Ceausescu's Romania )〕〔(Mueller wins Nobel literary prize ). BBC News. 8 October 2009.〕 Müller's native language is German; she learned Romanian only in grammar school.〔(Daad.de ), "wandel durch Austausch" - change by exchange. Retrieved on 2009-10-26.〕 She graduated from Nikolaus Lenau High School before becoming student of German studies and Romanian literature at West University of Timișoara. In 1976, Müller began working as a translator for an engineering factory, but was dismissed in 1979 for her refusal to cooperate with the Securitate, the Communist regime's secret police. After her dismissal she initially earned a living by teaching kindergarten and giving private German lessons. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Herta Müller」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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